Hindi Literature Essay

Achievements Premchand brought realism to Hindi literature. Premchand wrote on the realistic issues of the day-communalism, corruption, zamindari, debt, poverty, colonialism etc. He avoided the intake of highly Sanskritized Hindi and instead used the dialect of the commonalty people. Premchand popularly known as Munshi Premchand was one of the greatest literary figures of modern Hindi literature. His stories vividly portrayed the social scenario of those times. Premchands real title was Dhanpat Rai Srivastava.He was born on July 31, 1880 in Lamahi near Varanasi where his puzzle Munshi Azaayab Lal was a clerk in the post office. Premchand lost his mother when he was just seven long time old. His father married again. Premchand was very close to his elder sister. His early education was in a madarasa on a lower floor a Maulavi, where he learnt Urdu. When he was studying in the ninth class he was married, much against his wishes. He was only fifteen years old at that time. Premc hand lost his father when he was sixteen years old. Premchand was left responsible for his stepmother and stepsiblings.He earned five rupees a month tutoring a lawyers child. Premchand passed his matriculation exam with great effort and took up a teaching position, with a monthly stipend of eighteen rupees. While working, he studied privately and passed his Intermediate and B. A. examinations. Later, Premchand worked as the deputy sub-inspector of schools in what was thus the United Provinces. In 1910, he was hauled up by the District Magistrate in Jamirpur for his anthology of short stories Soz-e-Watan (Dirge of the Nation), which was labelled seditious.His withstand Soz-e-Watan was banned by the then British government, which burnt all of the copies. Initially Premchand wrote in Urdu under the name of Nawabrai. However, when his novel Soz-e-Watan was confiscated by the British, he started writing under the pseudonym Premchand. Before Premchand, Hindi literature consisted primar ily offantasy or religious works. Premchand brought realism to Hindi literature. He wrote over 300 stories, a dozen novels and two plays. The stories have been compiled and published as Maansarovar.His famous creations are Panch Parameshvar, Idgah, Shatranj Ke Khiladi, Poos Ki Raat, Bade Ghar Ki Beti, Kafan, Udhar Ki Ghadi, Namak Ka Daroga, Gaban, Godaan, and Nirmala. Premchand was a great social reformer he married a child widow named Shivarani Devi. She wrote a earmark on him, Premchand Gharmein after his death. In 1921 he answered Gandhijis call and resigned from his job. He worked to generate patriotism and nationalistic sentiments in the general populace. When the editor of the journal _Maryaada_ was jailed in the freedom movement, Premchand worked for a time as the editor of that journal.Afterward, he worked as the principal in a school in the Kashi Vidyapeeth. The main trait of Premchands writings is his interesting storytelling and use of simple language. His novels desc ribe the problems of rural and urban India. He avoided the use of highly Sanskritized Hindi and instead used the dialect of the common people. Premchand wrote on the realistic issues of the day -communalism, corruption, zamindari, debt, poverty, colonialism etc. Premchands writings have been translated not only into all Indian languages, but also Russian, Chinese, and many another(prenominal) other foreign languages. He died on October 8, 1936.